Tutorial: Stream and Catchment Delineation

9. Delineate the Catchment

Now we’re going to use the defined outlet to calculate the upstream contributing area (i.e.catchment) that produces discharge at this location.

1. In the Processing Toolbox go to PCRaster | Hydrological and material transport operations | catchment.

2. In the Catchment dialog use flowdirection as the LDD layer, outlet as the Outlet layer and save the result to catchment.map.

3. Click Run and Close the dialog after processing.

The result should look like the screenshot in the figure below if you zoom to the extent of the layer. The result is a nominalraster with a cell value 1 for the catchment and 0 for outside the catchment. Nominal, because our outlet raster was defined as nominal data type. If the outlet.txt file had more coordinates of outlets, each catchment would have had cells with the value of the corresponding outlet cell. If you have subcatchments with outlets upstream of a higher order catchment, you can use the PCRaster subcatchment tool to avoid the overlap.

Catchment Raster Result

In order to overlay the catchment boundary with other data, it is better to convert it from raster to vector (polygon).

4. To convert the raster layer to vector, go to the main menu and choose Raster | Conversion | Polygonize (Raster to vector).

5. Make sure you choose the right input and call the output Rur_catchment.shp. Click Run. Click Close to get back to the main screen.

6. Look at the result. Also check the attribute table (right-click on layer name and choose Open attribute table).

In the catchment calculation, cells belonging to the catchment get a value of 1, while the other cells get a value of 0. During the conversion to polygons, it can happen that geometry errors are introduced. If you find more than one feature with a value of 1 this indicates a geometry error (incorrect topology), because the boundary of the polygon makes a loop (see figure below). This can give errors when we use the polygon for geoprocessing. You can fix those errors with the fix geometry tool in the Processing Toolbox.

Issues after Polygonizing a Raster

Of course we are only interested in the catchment area, so we have to remove the outside polygon.

7. In the attribute table, toggle to editing mode using the button, then select the record that you want to remove by clicking on the row. The selection will be highlighted in yellow on the map. Click the button to delete the selected feature. Confirm that you want to continue.

You might have noticed that the polygon has a hole. This is caused by a huge open pit lignite mine, which results in its own subcatchment in our procedure. However, we would like to see the mine as part of the delineated catchment and will correct this.

8. Enable the Advanced Digitizing Toolbar: right-click on a toolbar and check the box before the toolbar.

9. Click the Delete Ring button and click on the mine.

The hole has now disappeared.

10. Toggle off editing by clicking again, and save the changes.

11. ow remove all unnecessary layers from the layers list so that we have only channels, Rur_catchment, dem_subset, hillshade and OSM Standard (in that order).

Watch this video to check the steps in this section: